{"id":3548,"date":"2022-06-30T12:13:59","date_gmt":"2022-06-30T09:13:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/turknetwp.local\/?p=3548"},"modified":"2024-01-15T11:59:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T08:59:34","slug":"bgp-border-gateway-protocol-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turk.net\/blog\/bgp-border-gateway-protocol-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0131n\u0131r A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokol\u00fc olarak bilinen Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), veri paketlerini internette y\u00f6nlendirmeye yarar. Verilerin nereye g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlamaktan ve aktar\u0131mda izleyece\u011fi en iyi rotay\u0131 bulmaktan sorumlu bir y\u00f6nlendirme protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nternet, otonom sistemler (Autonomous System-AS) ad\u0131 verilen birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 a\u011fdan olu\u015fur. Border Gateway Protocol, veri y\u00f6nlendirme bilgilerini s\u00fcrekli birbirlerine takaslayarak bu b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011flar\u0131n birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u0131sacas\u0131 BGP, y\u00f6nlendirme bilgisi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulunarak a\u011flar\u0131n ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca verinin kayna\u011f\u0131ndan hedefine en verimli \u015fekilde ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder. Kaynak ve hedef aras\u0131nda genellikle birden fazla yol oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. \u0130\u015fte BGP de tam burada devreye giriyor ve herhangi bir oturum i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli en h\u0131zl\u0131 rotalar\u0131 buluyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Ne i\u015fe Yarar?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En temelinde Border Gateway Protocol h\u0131zl\u0131 veri y\u00f6nlendirmesi sa\u011flar. Bu veriler farkl\u0131 bir \u015fehre, eyalete, \u00fclkeye ve hatta k\u0131taya g\u00f6nderiliyor olsa bile BGP i\u015flevini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam eder. Posta servislerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Ger\u00e7ekten de PTT\u2019yi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne getirmek, BGP \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in epey yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Posta sistemi, zarflara yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f posta adreslerindeki bilgileri kullanarak fiziksel mektuplar\u0131n ve paketlerin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve verimli bir \u015fekilde istenen konuma ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Benzer \u015fekilde BGP de verileri IP adreslerindeki bilgilere g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlendirir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0131pk\u0131 posta kodlar\u0131 gibi BGP de otonom sistem numaralar\u0131 (ASN) ad\u0131 verilen adres benzeri tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131lara dayan\u0131r. Bunlar, her otonom sistemde (AS) \u00f6zg\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve her bir veri paketinin varmas\u0131 hedeflenen adresi belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f6rt t\u00fcr AS vard\u0131r: Multihomed, stub, transit ve Internet Exchange Point. Di\u011fer AS&#8217;lere ba\u011flanma \u015fekli ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mant\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzersizdirler.Bir AS&#8217;yi internete ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u011f protokol\u00fc y\u00f6nlendirme alan kodlar\u0131 veya IP alan kodu toplulu\u011fu olarak nitelendirebiliriz. Bu, bir hedef IP adresine bir veri paketi g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde, y\u00f6nlendiricilerin, IP alan kodunun ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu AS&#8217;ye dayanarak hedef cihaz\u0131n konumunu yak\u0131n bir \u015fekilde tahmin edebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. BGP\u2019nin, y\u00f6nlendirme ilkeleri uyar\u0131nca hangi AS\u2019nin hangi IP adreslerini i\u00e7erdi\u011fini bildi\u011fini de atlamamak gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.turk.net\/ip-adresi-sorgulama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ip adresi sorgulama<\/a> sayfam\u0131z\u0131 ziyaret ederek IP adresinizi kolayca \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz.<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BGP ayr\u0131ca yeni saptanan yollara ve rota hatalar\u0131na yan\u0131t vererek a\u011f istikrar\u0131n\u0131n garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Mesela \u00f6nceden mevcut olan bir rota art\u0131k mevcut de\u011filse, BGP kaybedilenleri telafi etmek i\u00e7in h\u0131zla yeni yollar olu\u015fturabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BGP, mevcut yollara dayanarak y\u00f6nlendirme hakk\u0131nda otomatik kararlar verebiliyor. Yine de a\u011f operat\u00f6rleri taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen kurallara ve a\u011f politikalar\u0131na uymak zorunda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek laz\u0131m. Y\u00f6neticiler, gerek duyduklar\u0131nda bu kurallar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir. BGP&#8217;yi bir yol vekt\u00f6r protokol\u00fc olarak adland\u0131rabiliriz. Bunun nedeni, protokol\u00fcn hedefe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm yolu planlayabilmesidir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu yol, birden \u00e7ok otonom sistemden ge\u00e7meyi i\u00e7erebilir. Hatta birden fazla rota m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda bile BGP devreye girer ve veriyi y\u00f6nlendirmeden \u00f6nce ge\u00e7erli durumdaki en iyi rotay\u0131 se\u00e7er. Yol vekt\u00f6r\u00fc protokol\u00fcn\u00fc, daha az verimli olan mesafe vekt\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00f6nlendirme protokol\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz. Mesafe vekt\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00f6nlendirme protokol\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca y\u00f6nlendirme s\u00fcrecindeki bir sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r. Kaynaktan hedefe giden yolun tamam\u0131yla ilgilenmez. Haliyle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc ve planlama kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BGP, her hizmeti tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ASN&#8217;leri kullan\u0131r ve a\u011fdaki AS yollar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6nlendirme protokol\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, BGP sisteminin omurgas\u0131 olan BGP y\u00f6nlendirme tablolar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Her y\u00f6nlendiricinin y\u00f6nlendirme tablosu, belirli a\u011f hedeflerine giden \u00e7e\u015fitli mevcut yollar hakk\u0131nda bilgilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, rotayla ilgili \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri de depolar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dahili a\u011f \u00fczerinden ayn\u0131 AS i\u00e7indeki iki kom\u015fu cihaz veya a\u011f veri payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, BGP\u2019yi dahili y\u00f6nlendiriciler y\u00f6netir. Dahili BGP veya k\u0131saca iBGP (Internal BGP) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu protokol, aktarma i\u015fleminin yaln\u0131zca iki dahili e\u015f aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi durumlarda devreye girer ve di\u011fer AS&#8217;lerle ileti\u015fim kurmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6te yandan, BGP oturumu farkl\u0131 AS&#8217;lerde konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f iki BGP kom\u015fusu aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse buna harici BGP veya k\u0131saca eBGP (External BGP) denir. Bunu da basit\u00e7e BGP s\u00fcrecinin u\u00e7 y\u00f6nlendiriciler yard\u0131m\u0131yla iki AS&#8217;nin ara ba\u011flant\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi olarak a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BGP k\u0131saca, fiziksel adreslerdeki gibi AS numaralar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi y\u00f6nlendirme tablolar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bir veriyi en k\u0131sa ve garanti yoldan hedef IP adresine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u0131n\u0131r A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokol\u00fc olarak bilinen Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), veri paketlerini internette y\u00f6nlendirmeye yarar. Verilerin nereye g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlamaktan ve aktar\u0131mda izleyece\u011fi en iyi rotay\u0131 bulmaktan sorumlu bir y\u00f6nlendirme protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nternet, otonom sistemler (Autonomous System-AS) ad\u0131 verilen birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 a\u011fdan olu\u015fur. Border Gateway Protocol, veri y\u00f6nlendirme bilgilerini s\u00fcrekli birbirlerine takaslayarak bu b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011flar\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internet-terimleri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Nedir?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) nedir? Ne i\u015fe yarar? 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