{"id":3491,"date":"2022-06-29T08:57:17","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T05:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/turknetwp.local\/?p=3491"},"modified":"2023-01-30T13:28:40","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T10:28:40","slug":"session-description-protocol-sdp-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turk.net\/blog\/session-description-protocol-sdp-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Session Description Protocol (SDP) Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

SDP, oturumun duyurulmas\u0131 ve gerekli davetiyelerin g\u00f6nderilerek hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilendirmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. Spesifik olarak IP \u00fczerinden ses veya video aktar\u0131m\u0131na dayal\u0131 multimedya i\u00e7eren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde medya ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yolunu kaybetmeden taraflara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eden bir pusulad\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda SDP hakk\u0131nda detaylara ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Session Description Protocol (SDP) Nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Oturum tan\u0131mlama protokol\u00fc olarak bildi\u011fimiz SDP, SIP’nin aksine oturumun kendisi ile de\u011fil medyalar\u0131 ile ilgilenir. Oturumun aktar\u0131lan medyaya g\u00f6re adapte olabilmesini sa\u011flar. Video arama, sesli arama (voIP) gibi multimedya i\u00e7eren oturumlarda gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Codec’lerden kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n aktar\u0131m adresleri ve protokollerine kadar bir\u00e7ok meta veriyi i\u015fler ve tan\u0131mlar. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta SDP’yi bir toplant\u0131 salonuna barkovizyon, kulakl\u0131k, mikrofon, hoparl\u00f6r gibi cihazlar\u0131 kuran ve test eden operat\u00f6rlere benzetebiliriz asl\u0131nda.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de SDP, tek ba\u015f\u0131na medya iletimini sa\u011flayan bir protokol de\u011fildir. Parametreleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ileti\u015fimi destekleyen bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Yani kurulan malzemelerle de\u011fil, kurulum \u015femas\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r. Oturum ba\u015flatmay\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 aktar\u0131m\u0131 belirleyen protokollerle beraber uyum i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 medya tabanl\u0131 aramada g\u00f6rev alabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte SDP, tek tek medya protokol\u00fc belirlemez. Destekleyebilece\u011fi medya \u00e7e\u015fitlerini SIP\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcne serer ve bunlar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7im yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Oturum da buradan itibaren \u015fekillenir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Session Description Protocol (SDP) Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/span><\/h2>\n

SIP \u00fczerinden bir voIP aramas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7evrilen numaraya bir davet mesaj\u0131 eklenecektir. Bu mesaj, SDP uyar\u0131nca kullan\u0131lacak kodek, ileti\u015fimin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi adresler ve ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir bilgi notu yerine ge\u00e7er. Yani ortada bir medya aktar\u0131m\u0131 varken o aktar\u0131m\u0131n hangi esaslarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131 da belirlenmi\u015f olur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En temelinde, SIP telefonu oturumun amac\u0131n\u0131 ve kimli\u011fini belirledikten sonra SDP bilgilerini de aramay\u0131 yapandan aranan SIP telefonuna aktar\u0131r. Bu ilk temas\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kurulumu devam eden \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r al\u0131nmaz g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc SDP verileri tekrardan araman\u0131n ilk yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 SIP telefonuna yollanacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu i\u015flem sayesinde s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 aktifle\u015fti\u011finde SIP tabanl\u0131 bu oturumun tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 telefonlar\u0131, sadece aktar\u0131lacak medyadan haberdar olmakla kalmaz. O medyan\u0131n; nereye, nas\u0131l bir ortamda (ses, video, m\u00fczik) ve ne tarz bir kodek arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini de bilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle SDP, IP\u2019ler ve oturumun medya aktar\u0131m\u0131na dayal\u0131 fonksiyonu belirlendikten sonra, o medya ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n parametrelerinin belirlenmesi i\u015fine yarar. \u0130\u015fin sonunda SIP tabanl\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 i\u00e7in eldeki ortam, kanal ve kodeklerin aktar\u0131lacak medya t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re ayarlanmas\u0131yla uyumlu bir protokol yarat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Oturum tan\u0131mlama protokol\u00fc (SDP), s\u0131ral\u0131 diziler halindeki <character> = <value> sat\u0131rlar\u0131ndan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Burada <character> sat\u0131r\u0131, tamamen alfabetik karakterlerden olu\u015fur ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harf kullan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re fonksiyonu farkl\u0131la\u015fabilir. Yan\u0131nda <value> olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz sat\u0131r ise yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir metin b\u00fcnyesindedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

SDP \u015femas\u0131nda \u201coturum\u201d, \u201czamanlama\u201d ve \u201cmedya a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayabilece\u011fimiz \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131m vard\u0131r. Elbette ortada tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f sadece ve sadece tek bir oturum bulunur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Session Description Protocol Terimleri Nelerdir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

SDP terimleri \u015fu \u015fekilde listelenebilir;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Konferans:<\/b> Aralar\u0131nda haberle\u015fmenin, ileti\u015fim ve medya aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi taraflar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu eylem i\u00e7in yararland\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mdan olu\u015fan bir k\u00fcmedir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Oturum:<\/b> S\u00f6z konusu ortam\u0131 yollayan, alan ve bu ortam\u0131n s\u00fcrekli aktar\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flayan bile\u015fenlerden meydana gelir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Oturum Bildirimi: <\/b>Bu terime \u201cdavetiye\u201d de diyebiliriz. Konferansa kat\u0131lacak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in oturumu tan\u0131mlar, zaman ve ortam bilgisini i\u00e7ererek planlamaya olanak tan\u0131r. Oturum ilan\u0131 olarak da bilinir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Oturum Tan\u0131mlamas\u0131: <\/b>\u00c7oklu ortamlar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir oturumda gerekli bilginin saptan\u0131p oturuma dahil edebilmesi i\u00e7in programlanm\u0131\u015f bir formatt\u0131r. SDP\u2019nin fonksiyonunu tan\u0131mlar diyebiliriz.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0130ngilizce\u2019de \u201cSession Description Protocol\u201d olarak ge\u00e7en ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u201cOturum Tan\u0131mlama Protokol\u00fc\u201d olan SDP hakk\u0131ndaki terminolojimizi tamamlad\u0131k. Hi\u00e7bir medya ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flamas\u0131nda bulunmayan ancak ileti\u015fim k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc g\u00f6revinde bulunan oturum tan\u0131mlama protokol\u00fc, bir\u00e7ok terimi de i\u00e7erisinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmakta. SDP, ilk zamanlar Duyuru Protokol\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bir bile\u015feni olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131ksa da ge\u00e7en zaman i\u00e7erisinde ba\u015fka ama\u00e7lara da hizmet etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Gelecekte neler olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hep birlikte g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    SDP, oturumun duyurulmas\u0131 ve gerekli davetiyelerin g\u00f6nderilerek hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilendirmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. Spesifik olarak IP \u00fczerinden ses veya video aktar\u0131m\u0131na dayal\u0131 multimedya i\u00e7eren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde medya ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yolunu kaybetmeden taraflara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eden bir pusulad\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda SDP hakk\u0131nda detaylara ula\u015fabilirsiniz. Session Description Protocol (SDP) Nedir? Oturum tan\u0131mlama protokol\u00fc olarak bildi\u011fimiz SDP, SIP’nin aksine oturumun kendisi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4840,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internet-terimleri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSession Description Protocol (SDP) Nedir? - Turknet Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Session Description Protocol (SDP) nedir? Ne i\u015fe yarar ve terimleri nelerdir? 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